Pob zeb hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nyob rau hauv tib neeg, thiab nws tseem yog lub ntsiab raw khoom siv rau kev lim dej sib xyaw ua hmoov txhuam thiab sib sib zog nqus nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab xws li raw khoom.
Qhov no hu ua pob kws nplej siab yog sib xyaw ntawm amylose thiab amylopectin. Cov tshuaj txhuam cov pob kws roj ntsha hauv siab txhais hais tias amylose cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov nplej siab nplej siab yog li ntawm 55% mus rau 85%, thaum lub ntsiab lus ntawm amylose nyob rau hauv cov pob kws cov noob pob kws tsuas yog 22%. % ~ 27%.
Amylose yog ib qho polymer uas muaj qabzib txuas los ntawm α-1,4 bonds, thiab muaj ib qhov degree ntawm polymerization ntawm 100 mus rau 6000 piam thaj, thiab muaj cov qauv saw. Nws qhov aqueous raug tshem tawm tsis tsim dextrin thaum rhuab, tab sis dissolves nyob rau hauv colloid tsim ib qho tsis ruaj tsis haum nrog tsawg viscosity. Tom qab sawv ntsug ntawm 50 ° C ~ 60 ° C ntev, ib crystalline precipitate yuav precipitate, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog reversible. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog iodine yog xiav.
Amylose muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo xws li fiber ntau, thiab muaj daim ntawv thov piv nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kho cov kev hloov kho thaij (physicochemically modified amylose) yog ntxiv zog, uas muab cov khoom siv tshiab rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv kev tsim muaj.
Cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm amylose tau zoo transparency, yooj, tensile zog thiab dej insolubility, thiab yog tsis-lom thiab tsis-polluting. Nws yog dav siv sealing cov ntaub ntawv, ntim cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv dej thiab cov khoom kub.
Vim lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab lub zog ntawm amylose, nrog rau dej tsis haum, nws kuj yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam thiab nplaum lag luam. Amylose tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm kev tsim ua ntau yam ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab ntau lub strips. Cov yeeb yaj duab ua nrog amylose muaj qhov tseeb clarity, elasticity, tensile zog thiab dej tsis kam.
Kev ua qoob ua rau muaj kev lim ntshav tau ua rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb thiab tag nrho cov tib neeg quavntsej rau qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm depleted roj cov ntaub ntawv, biodegradable cov ntaub ntawv uas conform rau tus qauv yog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev loj hlob hotspot raws li high-tech environmentally friendly khoom. Yuav kom nkag tau rau lub lag luam rau cov khoom lag luam degradable, yuav tsum tau ua raws li hauv qab no:
1 Tswv yim, nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws rau cov khoom zoo tib yam;
2 Degradability, tom qab siv, yuav degrade sai nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig, ua ib seem uas yog yooj yim absorbed los ntawm ib puag ncig, thiab nws thiaj li rov qab mus rau qhov;
3 Kev Nyab Xeeb, seem nyob hauv txoj kev hloov degradation thiab tom qab degradation tsis muaj teeb meem los yog tsis tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ntuj tsim;
4 Economical, tus nqi yog nyob ze los yog ncaj nraim nrog cov khoom zoo tib yam.
Txawm li cas los, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv roj biodegradable ntau dhau, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom plastics yog ntau dua 50% siab tshaj uas zoo xws li cov khoom yas. Ntawm lawv, qhov degradation yuav tag nrho 4 mus rau 8 npaug dua, uas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws kev khuam siab rau nws qib thiab daim ntawv thov. Yuav kom txo cov nqi thiab xyuas kom meej qhov kev ua haujlwm degradation ntawm cov khoom, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txhuam hniav ua tau los ua cov khoom kub hauv lub tebchaws.
Tshaj noom yog tam sim no feem ntau siv ntau hom biodegradable polysaccharide ntuj polymer. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm raw khoom, tsawg tus nqi thiab yooj yim biodegradation. Nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw cov khoom siv biodegradable. Cov khoom sib txuas ntawm ntau theem ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas luam tawm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws feem ntau yuav muab piv nrog cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntawv uas zoo sib xws, tab sis lawv cov kev ua haujlwm feem ntau tsis zoo. Ib qho teeb meem loj yog tias qhov degradation tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej zom plawv tsis zoo. Lub zog ntub yog pluag, thiab nws cov khoom siv dag zog yog mob hnyav nyob rau hauv cov dej hauv dej, thiab cov dej tsis haum yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom coj los siv. Highly amylose starch muaj dej tsis zoo, shear kuj thiab zaj duab xis tsim cov khoom sib piv nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, vim li ntawd nws muaj kev loj hlob zoo hauv cov kev lag luam ntawm plastics.